Biosphoto : Agence Photographique spécialisée dans la Nature et l'Environnement

Apidologie - A bee in front of an odor gun. This technique allows for an association between an odor and a sugary reward. A sweet solution is applied to the antennas and the bee stretches out its proboscis, its little trunk. This odor-reflex association has brought to light the bees' capacity to remember odors and the time necessary to acquire olfactory memory. But also more complex learning: for example, an odor A is associated with a sugary solution and an odor B is not. Then, shortly after, it is reversed: the odor A is no longer associated with sugar but the odor B is. Result: the bee is capable of replacing the first signal by the new one. Centre for , FranceResearch, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ToulouseApidologie - A bee in front of an odor gun. This technique allows for an association between an odor and a sugary reward. A sweet solution is applied to the antennas and the bee stretches out its proboscis, its little trunk. This odor-reflex association has brought to light the bees' capacity to remember odors and the time necessary to acquire olfactory memory. But also more complex learning: for example, an odor A is associated with a sugary solution and an odor B is not. Then, shortly after, it is reversed: the odor A is no longer associated with sugar but the odor B is. Result: the bee is capable of replacing the first signal by the new one. Centre for , FranceResearch, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse© Eric Tourneret / BiosphotoJPG - RMNon exclusive sale
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Apidologie - A bee in front of an odor gun. This technique allows

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Measuring range level in a pond - Camargue France Measuring range level in a pond - Camargue France © David Tatin / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Measuring range level in a pond - Camargue France

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ; Fluorescein dye is used to visualize how water is absorbed at the outside and then exhausted by a sponge.The Caribbean barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a large and common member of the coral reef communities at depths greater than 10 m, and has been called the “redwood of the deep”, due to its up to 2000 year lifespan as well as its size and color. Despite its prominence, high biomass and importance to habitat complexity and reef health, very little is know about the basic biology of this massive sponge, including rates of mortality and recruitment, reproduction, growth and age. Like reef corals, this sponge is subject to bleaching and subsequent mortality.<br>With support from NOAA's Aquarius Reef Base at UNCW, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, a research group has been monitoring populations of X. muta in the Florida Keys since 1997.

Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef BaseVisualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ; Fluorescein dye is used to visualize how water is absorbed at the outside and then exhausted by a sponge.The Caribbean barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a large and common member of the coral reef communities at depths greater than 10 m, and has been called the “redwood of the deep”, due to its up to 2000 year lifespan as well as its size and color. Despite its prominence, high biomass and importance to habitat complexity and reef health, very little is know about the basic biology of this massive sponge, including rates of mortality and recruitment, reproduction, growth and age. Like reef corals, this sponge is subject to bleaching and subsequent mortality.
With support from NOAA's Aquarius Reef Base at UNCW, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, a research group has been monitoring populations of X. muta in the Florida Keys since 1997.© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ;

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef BaseVisualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ; Fluorescein dye is used to visualize how water is absorbed at the outside and then exhausted by a sponge.The Caribbean barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a large and common member of the coral reef communities at depths greater than 10 m, and has been called the “redwood of the deep”, due to its up to 2000 year lifespan as well as its size and color. Despite its prominence, high biomass and importance to habitat complexity and reef health, very little is know about the basic biology of this massive sponge, including rates of mortality and recruitment, reproduction, growth and age. Like reef corals, this sponge is subject to bleaching and subsequent mortality.
With support from NOAA's Aquarius Reef Base at UNCW, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, a research group has been monitoring populations of X. muta in the Florida Keys since 1997.© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ;

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef BaseVisualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ; Fluorescein dye is used to visualize how water is absorbed at the outside and then exhausted by a sponge.The Caribbean barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta, is a large and common member of the coral reef communities at depths greater than 10 m, and has been called the “redwood of the deep”, due to its up to 2000 year lifespan as well as its size and color. Despite its prominence, high biomass and importance to habitat complexity and reef health, very little is know about the basic biology of this massive sponge, including rates of mortality and recruitment, reproduction, growth and age. Like reef corals, this sponge is subject to bleaching and subsequent mortality.
With support from NOAA's Aquarius Reef Base at UNCW, NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, a research group has been monitoring populations of X. muta in the Florida Keys since 1997.© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Visualization flow of water in a sponge - Aquarius Reef Base ;

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Sea Turtle Conservation program, Eretmochelys imbricata, New Ireland, Papua New GuineaSea Turtle Conservation program, Eretmochelys imbricata, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea© Reinhard Dirscherl / BiosphotoJPG - RMNon exclusive sale
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Sea Turtle Conservation program, Eretmochelys imbricata, New

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Marine biologists measuring a young Spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas), in the Marine Protected Area of the Agathoise Coast, Roc de Brescou Marine Reserve, Hérault, Occitanie, FranceMarine biologists measuring a young Spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas), in the Marine Protected Area of the Agathoise Coast, Roc de Brescou Marine Reserve, Hérault, Occitanie, France© Mathieu Foulquié / BiosphotoJPG - RMSale prohibited by some Agents

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Marine biologists measuring a young Spiny lobster (Palinurus

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Runway collapsed following permafross thaw, Polychrome Pass, Denali NP, AlaskaRunway collapsed following permafross thaw, Polychrome Pass, Denali NP, Alaska© Robert Valarcher / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Runway collapsed following permafross thaw, Polychrome Pass,

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Scuba diver marine biologist mapping a Posidonia herbarium using acoustic telemetry. Site of Aresquiers, off Frontignan, Hérault, Occitanie, France.Scuba diver marine biologist mapping a Posidonia herbarium using acoustic telemetry. Site of Aresquiers, off Frontignan, Hérault, Occitanie, France.© Mathieu Foulquié / BiosphotoJPG - RMSale prohibited by some Agents

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Scuba diver marine biologist mapping a Posidonia herbarium using

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. KenyaAfrican elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. Kenya© Antoine Lorgnier / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. KenyaAfrican elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. Kenya© Antoine Lorgnier / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. KenyaAfrican elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty elephants "big tuskers" are equiped with a gps collar all around Kenya. Masai Mara national park. Kenya© Antoine Lorgnier / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with collar. Around twenty

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Orange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studioOrange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studio© Hélène & Jean-Michel Sotto / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Orange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studio

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Orange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studioOrange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studio© Hélène & Jean-Michel Sotto / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Orange and white kitten sitting in bowl by alarm clock in studio

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Orange and white kitten coming out heart sheet with alarm clock in studioOrange and white kitten coming out heart sheet with alarm clock in studio© Hélène & Jean-Michel Sotto / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Orange and white kitten coming out heart sheet with alarm clock

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South America, Drake Passage near Cape Horn, Antarctic Dream ship, Cape Horn navigation charts.South America, Drake Passage near Cape Horn, Antarctic Dream ship, Cape Horn navigation charts.© Sergio Pitamitz / BiosphotoJPG - RMNon exclusive sale

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South America, Drake Passage near Cape Horn, Antarctic Dream

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Rain gauge in a garden in summer, Auvergne, FranceRain gauge in a garden in summer, Auvergne, France© Yann Avril / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Rain gauge in a garden in summer, Auvergne, France

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An Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) crosses one of the 3 systems of identification and automatic weighing (mass tracker) of the ANTAVIA program, in Dumont d'Urville. Adélie Land, AntarcticaAn Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) crosses one of the 3 systems of identification and automatic weighing (mass tracker) of the ANTAVIA program, in Dumont d'Urville. Adélie Land, Antarctica© Thibaut Vergoz / BiosphotoJPG - RMNon exclusive sale

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An Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) crosses one of the 3

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Releasing a balloon equipped with a probe measuring atmospheric ozone on the Dumont d'Urville Antarctic Base. The Dumont d'Urville base was built largely for the study of penguins. It was built in the middle of colonies Adélie penguins. Man and penguins therefore rub shoulders daily. Adélie Land, AntarcticaReleasing a balloon equipped with a probe measuring atmospheric ozone on the Dumont d'Urville Antarctic Base. The Dumont d'Urville base was built largely for the study of penguins. It was built in the middle of colonies Adélie penguins. Man and penguins therefore rub shoulders daily. Adélie Land, Antarctica© Thibaut Vergoz / BiosphotoJPG - RMNon exclusive sale

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Releasing a balloon equipped with a probe measuring atmospheric

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Measuring kiwi's beak, Research programm of Massey University (NZ) on North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), Hauraki Gulf, Ponui IslandMeasuring kiwi's beak, Research programm of Massey University (NZ) on North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli), Hauraki Gulf, Ponui Island© Lucas Mugnier / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Measuring kiwi's beak, Research programm of Massey University

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Gaby Gorsky, Tara Oceans Scientific Coordinator (standing) and Christian Sardet, Tara multimedia platform coordinatorTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Gaby Gorsky, Tara Oceans Scientific Coordinator (standing) and Christian Sardet, Tara multimedia platform coordinator© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Gaby Gorsky, Tara Oceans

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: FlowCAM can distinguish and sort individuals and on the basis of their size and their aspect : large or small, more round or more elongated. In 200 ml of water there can be 1 to 10 thousands cells. The FlowCAM’s main attribute is a laser used to detect two pigments: chlorophyll and phycoerythrin which are present in red algae and some cyanobacteria. When an organism containing those pigments crosses the laser beam, it triggers a flash and the machine instantaneously takes a picture. GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: FlowCAM can distinguish and sort individuals and on the basis of their size and their aspect : large or small, more round or more elongated. In 200 ml of water there can be 1 to 10 thousands cells. The FlowCAM’s main attribute is a laser used to detect two pigments: chlorophyll and phycoerythrin which are present in red algae and some cyanobacteria. When an organism containing those pigments crosses the laser beam, it triggers a flash and the machine instantaneously takes a picture. Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: FlowCAM can

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, and Sophie Marinesque, optical engineer, observing plancton, GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, and Sophie Marinesque, optical engineer, observing plancton, Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. dry lab o/b Tara: Christian

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, selecting plancton for microscopy o/b Tara.Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, selecting plancton for microscopy o/b Tara.© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, admiring a plancton catch, GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS biologist, admiring a plancton catch, Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Christian Sardet, CNRS

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. l: Sophie Marinesque; r: Dr. Stéphane PESANT, specialist for plancton ecology, scientific coordinator on TARA; l: r: Dr. Stéphane PESANT, spécialiste de l'écologie du plancton, coordinateur scientifique sur TARA. Pyrosomes, or pyrosoma, are free-floating colonial tunicates that live usually in the upper layers of the open ocean in warm seas, although some may be found to great depth. Pyrosomes are cylindrical or conical shaped colonies made up of hundreds to thousands of individuals, known as zooids. Colonies range in size from less than one centimeter to several meters in length. Each zooid is only a few millimeters in size, but is embedded in a common gelatinous tunic that joins all of the individuals. Each zooid opens both to the inside and outside of the "tube", drawing in ocean water from the outside to its internal filtering mesh called the branchial basket, extracting the microscopic plant cells on which it feeds, and then expelling the filtered water to the inside of the cylinder of the colony. The colony is bumpy on the outside, each bump representing a single zooid, but nearly smooth, though perforated with holes for each zooid, on the inside. Pyrosomes are planktonic, which means that their movements are largely controlled by currents, tides and waves in the oceans. On a smaller scale, however, each colony can move itself slowly by the process of jet propulsion, created by the coordinated beating of cilia in the branchial baskets of all the zooids, which also create feeding currents. Pyrosomes are brightly bioluminescent, flashing a pale blue-green light that can be seen for many tens of meters. The name Pyrosoma comes from the Greek (pyro = "fire", soma = "body"). Pyrosomes are closely related to salps, and are sometimes called "fire salps." Sailors on the ocean are occasionally treated to calm seas containing many pyrosomes, all bioluminescencing on a dark night. GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. l: Sophie Marinesque; r: Dr. Stéphane PESANT, specialist for plancton ecology, scientific coordinator on TARA; l: r: Dr. Stéphane PESANT, spécialiste de l'écologie du plancton, coordinateur scientifique sur TARA. Pyrosomes, or pyrosoma, are free-floating colonial tunicates that live usually in the upper layers of the open ocean in warm seas, although some may be found to great depth. Pyrosomes are cylindrical or conical shaped colonies made up of hundreds to thousands of individuals, known as zooids. Colonies range in size from less than one centimeter to several meters in length. Each zooid is only a few millimeters in size, but is embedded in a common gelatinous tunic that joins all of the individuals. Each zooid opens both to the inside and outside of the "tube", drawing in ocean water from the outside to its internal filtering mesh called the branchial basket, extracting the microscopic plant cells on which it feeds, and then expelling the filtered water to the inside of the cylinder of the colony. The colony is bumpy on the outside, each bump representing a single zooid, but nearly smooth, though perforated with holes for each zooid, on the inside. Pyrosomes are planktonic, which means that their movements are largely controlled by currents, tides and waves in the oceans. On a smaller scale, however, each colony can move itself slowly by the process of jet propulsion, created by the coordinated beating of cilia in the branchial baskets of all the zooids, which also create feeding currents. Pyrosomes are brightly bioluminescent, flashing a pale blue-green light that can be seen for many tens of meters. The name Pyrosoma comes from the Greek (pyro = "fire", soma = "body"). Pyrosomes are closely related to salps, and are sometimes called "fire salps." Sailors on the ocean are occasionally treated to calm seas containing many pyrosomes, all bioluminescencing on a dark night. Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. l: Sophie Marinesque; r: Dr.

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas, ICM-CSIC, ES; freshly filtered plancton is wrapped o/b Tara to be stored and cooled in liquid nitrogen for later analysis, GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas, ICM-CSIC, ES; freshly filtered plancton is wrapped o/b Tara to be stored and cooled in liquid nitrogen for later analysis, Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas,

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas, ICM-CSIC, ES; freshly filtered plancton is wrapped o/b Tara to be stored and cooled in liquid nitrogen for later analysis, GalapagosTara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas, ICM-CSIC, ES; freshly filtered plancton is wrapped o/b Tara to be stored and cooled in liquid nitrogen for later analysis, Galapagos© Christoph Gerigk / BiosphotoJPG - RM

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Tara Oceans Expeditions - May 2011. Silvia Gonzalez-Acinas,

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